Waveforms and Closings: Pressures, Volumes, Capacities, and Gases of Respiration

When does ventilator show positive pressure during spontaneous breath (it could be during exhalation maybe)? When does ventilator show positive pressure during mechanical ventilation (it could be during inhalation maybe)?

When does ventilator show positive flow (it could be during inhalation in spontaneous breathing as well as in mechanical ventilation maybe by design)? When is direction of pressure graphically concordant to direction of flow (it could be during mechanical ventilation maybe by design)? When is direction of pressure graphically discordant to direction of flow (it could be during spontaneous breath maybe by design)?

Why does capnograph appear slower in onset (it could be tidal volume breathing maybe; it could be distant side-stream sampler maybe; it could be leaking around mask maybe; it could be dead space dilution maybe; it could be laryngospasm maybe; it could be tracheal collapse maybe; it could be bronchospasm maybe)?

Could closing volume thus closing capacity be increasing temporarily during anesthesia in supine position (it could be due to positive pressure ventilation maybe as well as changing transpulmonary gradient due to anesthesia effect on chest wall muscles maybe just as closing volume thus closing capacity linearly increasing with age due to increased lung compliance maybe and decreased chest wall compliance maybe thus maybe increasing net compliance with net compliance being lung compliance minus chest wall compliance)?

Could closing volume thus closing capacity be increasing temporarily during emergence from anesthesia (it could be just like senile emphysema maybe with peri-anesthesia potential overdilation of alveoli by positive pressure ventilation maybe feeling like increased lung compliance and thus propensity for airway closure maybe increasing closing volume and thus closing capacity)?

Could changes in non-small airways too account for changes in closing volume and thus closing capacity (it could be transiently assumed to be detectable and maybe correctable in monitored peri-anesthesia environments maybe)?

Could end-tidal nitrogen estimation help (it could maybe if routine peri-anesthesia estimation of end-tidal carbon dioxide values as well as peri-anesthesia estimation of end-tidal oxygen values could indirectly estimate peri-anesthesia end-tidal nitrogen values maybe)?